SECTION 10

 

INSPECTIONS

 

 

1.         Purpose

 

To provide the superintendent with the necessary forms and guidelines for jobsite inspections.

 

2.         Site Inspection

 

The superintendent and foreman shall make daily inspections of operations and be continually alert to changing conditions, as the work progresses.  Focus shall be on unsafe acts as well as unsafe conditions.  All unsafe acts and conditions shall be corrected immediately.

 

The superintendent and foreman are required to complete their respective Area Safety Audit Forms, found at the end of this section, on a weekly basis.  A copy of the completed form shall be kept on file at the field office and the original sent to the safety coordinator at the Memphis office.

 

Required forms:            1.         Superintendent: Area Safety Audit Form

                                    2.         Craft Foreman: Area Safety Audit Form

 

3.         Equipment Inspections

 

The superintendent or his designee shall make daily inspection of all construction tools and equipment and complete the appropriate inspection forms located at the end of this section.  These reports shall be maintained at the field office with a copy to safety coordinator

 

Required forms:            1.         Cranes - copy in crane

                                    2.         Forklifts

                                    3.         Manlifts

                                    4.         Scissors lifts


 

4.         Rigging

 

All rigging shall be inspected prior to its use each day.  See Rigging Inspection Procedure.

 

5.         Safety Audits

 

SMC safety coordinators, superintendents and foremen shall make audits of the construction site in accordance with the audit procedure detailed in this section.  Visiting members of management as outlined in the audit procedure will randomly perform other audits.  Any items found in noncompliance shall be corrected immediately.


 

 

OSHA INSPECTION OUTLINE

 

 

1.     Procedures to Follow When Involved in an OSHA Compliance Inspection

 

Notify the Memphis office upon the arrival of OSHA.

 

Determine if a subpoena should be required.  Although some owners require a subpoena for OSHA to come on their site, SMC does not.

 

Examine the inspector's credentials.  Record his/her name, serial number and the name of his/her supervisor.

 

During the opening conference, learn the purpose and scope of the inspection.  Request copies of the applicable safety and health standard as well as a copy of the complaint, if any.

 

Ensure that your OSHA poster is here and your Hazard Communication Program is on hand, your OSHA 200 log is up-to-date, and last year's 200 log is posted, as required.

 

Never disclose information, which can be used against you.  Do not ask the inspector if something is or is not in compliance.  Be polite, yet firm.  Do not hesitate to boast about the safety precautions taken on the project.

 

During a walk-around inspection, a supervisory employee should accompany the inspector.  The inspector has the right to consult with a reasonable number of employees concerning safety and health matters.  Take photos of the same items photographed by the inspector.  They can talk with your employees in private and ask for their home phone numbers (workers are not obligated to discuss anything with OSHA).

 

Make a note of every violation, if any, that the inspector points out.  Correct, if possible, all violations immediately and be sure that the inspector's records reflect the correction.

 

Note the amount of time the inspector was on your project.

 

Subcontractors should be present during inspection of their work.


 

During the closing conference, review items, if any, for which you will be cited.  Check the item against the standard.  Ask for complete explanation if it is not absolutely clear.  Should you disagree with the inspector's position, politely yet firmly, point out your opinion.

 

Do not discuss the fine!  This could be construed as a bribe.

 

Types of citations are serious, other than serious, willful, and repeat.  Expect a follow-up inspection if your citation is classified as serious, other than serious, or willful.


AUDITS

 

 

1.         Construction Audits

 

            Purpose

 

            To review the jobsite work activities and equipment on a frequent and regular basis in an effort to eliminate potential hazards and to document the findings.

 

            Responsibility

 

            It is the responsibility of all salaried or hourly employees acting in the capacity of superintendents, foremen and safety coordinators to inspect the jobsite during their normal duties on a daily basis and to document their inspections on a weekly basis.

 

            Training

 

            All superintendents and safety coordinators shall complete the 30-hour OSHA course.  At least one employee who has completed the course shall be assigned to the project.  All foremen shall complete the 10-hour OSHA course or the superintendent shall review the highlights of OSHA standard 1926 and this manual as it applies to his work.  This shall be documented on the SMC training sheet and a copy submitted to the Memphis office.

 

            Audit Responsibility

 

·                    Foremen - All employees acting in the capacity of foreman shall complete the “Task Safety Planner” with each crew each day prior to beginning the task.  A new “Task Safety Planner” must be completed if the hazards or jobs change.  These shall be submitted to the superintendent.  Once each week, the foreman shall complete the “Area Safety Audit” for his area(s) and submit it to the superintendent.

 

·                    Superintendents - Superintendents shall review the “Task Planner” for compliance to the program and for any suggestions for improvement or deviations.  These shall be forwarded to the “on-site” safety coordinator or maintained in the field files, as required.

 

                        The superintendent shall review the “Area Safety Audit” form for those items in violation or needs improvement and ensure the deficiencies have been corrected.

 

                        The superintendent shall complete the “Superintendent Area Safety Audit” each week for the entire jobsite.  He shall correct any deficiency found during the audit.

                        Both the foreman and superintendent forms shall be forwarded to the on-site safety coordinator or maintained in the field file and a copy sent to the Memphis office.

·                    Safety Coordinators - The safety coordinator shall review both the foreman’s and superintendent’s’ audits and follow up to be sure the noted deficiencies have been corrected.

 

He shall complete his audit form each week for the entire jobsite and submit a copy of it to the superintendent to correct deficiencies and to make him aware of problems that need to be addressed.  The coordinator shall follow up all discrepancies to ensure the hazards have been corrected.

 

A copy of the safety coordinator’s audit, along with the foreman’s and superintendents, shall be sent to the Memphis office each week.

 

            Each line on the respective audit forms shall be checked as appropriate.

 

            If a deficiency or dangerous act is found during the audit, the form shall be checked, as required, and the problem corrected.  For example:

                       

1.         If the pipe foreman is conducting hi s audit and notices welding screens are not in use, he should check the box “Needs Improvement” if isolated or “Needs Immediate Attention” if the whole job is affected.  Then correct the problem.

 

2.         While conducting the audit, the superintendent notices an ironworker stuffing bolts 15 feet off the ground and is not tied off.  The superintendent should check the box “Needs Immediate Attention” as this is a life-threatening situation and correct the problem (including reprimanding the employee and notifying his/her foreman).

 

           

2.         Employee Safety Compliance Audit

 

            Purpose

 

            To review all hourly and salaried employees acting in the capacity of foreman and superintendent and to identify their strength and weaknesses with respect to SMC’s safety and loss prevention program.

 

            Responsibility

 

            It is the responsibility of visiting members of management and safety coordinators to conduct the compliance audit.  Audits should be conducted at random and at least twice during the project.

 

Audit

 

            Audits shall be unbiased and conducted in a constructive manner to identify weakness in the implementation of the program and its administration in an effort to continue to improve the overall job safety.

 

            The auditor shall review the entire jobsite with the superintendent for overall compliance to the program and the foremen’s compliance with respect to their specific crew or task.

 

            The auditor shall randomly interview a cross section of employees, as required, to complete the audit.

 

            The superintendent/foreman shall make available daily and weekly inspection reports for review including, but not limited to, the following:

 

                        Rigging

                        Body Harness

                        Training Records

                        Equipment Inspection(s)

                        Weekly Safety Audits

                        Accident Investigation Reports

                        Reprimands

                        Any other required by the client

 

            Upon completion of the audit, the auditor shall review the employee’s overall performance with that individual for his/her comments.

 

            After the review, the auditor and employee shall sign and date the form.  The form shall be forwarded to the safety director at the Memphis office.


SAFE ACTION FROM EVERYONE

SAFETY TASK ASSIGNMENT

 

DATE:                                                                                   

FOREMAN:                                                                         

CRAFT:                                                                                 

TOTAL # OF CRAFTSMEN:  __________________

 

As a foreman, you are responsible for the health, safety and the well being of each individual assigned to your team.   Daily planning of work activities will result in quality work without repeats and delays.  Safety should be another factor in daily planning.  As a means of assisting you in your daily safety planning, the following subjects will aid you in achieving your daily goals.  After completion of this form, have each craftsman of your team sign the back and turn in to the Safety Department.

 

GENERAL SAFETY                                                              YES     NO              COMMENTS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 

 

 

HAZARD COMMUNICATION

 

 

 

WASTE DISPOSAL

 

 

 

MATERIAL STORAGE

 

 

 

EQUIPMENT INSPECTION

 

 

 

SIGNS, SIGNALS, BARRICADES

 

 

 

100% FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

 

WELDING AND CUTTING                                                 YES     NO               COMMENTS

BURNING PERMITS

 

 

 

            CLIENT (  )

 

 

 

FIREWATCH

 

 

 

            FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 

 

 

            WATER HOSE

 

 

 

WELDING BLINDS

 

 

 

FIRE BLANKETS

 

 

 

FLASH BACK ARRESTORS

 

 

 

BOTTLE STORAGE

 

 

 

 

LADDERS AND SCAFFOLDING                                         YES     NO              COMMENTS

PROPER FOOTING

 

 

 

TIE OFF ROPE

 

 

 

HOIST ROPE

 

 

 

HANDRAILS, MIDRAILS, TOEBOARDS

 

 

 

100% FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

 

100% FALL PROTECTION                                                 YES     NO               COMMENTS

PRIMARY FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

            HANDRAILS, MIDRAILS, TOE-BOARD

 

 

 

            HOLE COVERS

 

 

 

SECONDARY FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

            WARNING LINES

 

 

 

            BODY HARNESS

 

 

 

 

ELECTRICAL                                                                       YES     NO              COMMENTS

GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTERS

 

 

 

DAILY INSPECTION

 

 

 

LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT

 

 

 

TEMPORARY CORDS PROPERLY SUSPENDED

 

 

 

 

STEEL ERECTION                                                               YES     NO              COMMENTS

DAILY CRANE INSPECTION

 

 

 

MATERIAL HOIST

 

 

 

RIGGING EQUIPMENT

 

 

 

TAG LINES

 

 

 

LIFE LINES

 

 

 

PERSONNEL LIFTS

 

 

 

FLOOR REQUIREMENTS

 

 

 

FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

            BODY HARNESS WITH 2 LANYARDS

 

 

 

            100% TIE OFF

 

 

 

BARRICADES, SIGNS

 

 

 

 

DEMOLITION                                                                      YES     NO              COMMENTS

STRUCTURE SHORED

 

 

 

SYSTEM ISOLATED

 

 

 

LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT

 

 

 

SYSTEM PURGED/VENTED/DRAINED

 

 

 

VESSEL INSPECTED

 

 

 

VESSEL MONITORED

 

 

 

FIRE PROTECTION

 

 

 

100% FALL PROTECTION

 

 

 

BARRICADES, SIGNS

 

 

 

 

Please note this subject matter for discussion with your force is a general safety list and may not cover all aspects of your daily work plan.  You may use the space on back for additional comments.

 

FOREMAN’S SIGNATURE                                                             


AREA SAFETY AUDIT FORM

 

Person Making Inspection                                               Title                _________

 

 

Area Audited                                                                                    Date  ___________          

 

CODE:   0 - Does Not Apply

               1 - Adequate Or Proper

               2 - Needs Improvement

               3 - Needs Immediate Attention

 

1.   Housekeeping

0

1

2

3

      a.   General neatness of working areas

 

 

 

 

      b.   Passageways and walkways clear

 

 

 

 

      c.   Waste containers provided and used

 

 

 

 

      d.   Debris stacked in piles out of work areas

 

 

 

 

      e.   Welding rods collected and put in designated containers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.   Welding And Oxy Fuel Cutting

0

1

2

3

      a.   Welding/burning permit acquired & posted

 

 

 

 

      b.   Atmospheric testing

 

 

 

 

      c.   Adjacent workers protected by screens

 

 

 

 

      d.   Sparks and hot slag contained

 

 

 

     

e.      Hoses and leads secured out of passageways and in good

      condition

 

 

 

 

      f.    Welding or cutting area ventilated

 

 

 

 

      g.   Gas cylinders upright, secured and properly stored

 

 

 

 

      h.   Fire blankets (spark catchers) in use

 

 

 

 

      i.    Equipment in operating condition

 

 

 

 

      j.    Electrical equipment grounded

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   Personal Protective Equipment

0

1

2

3

      a.   Hard hat and welding hood

 

 

 

 

      b.   Safety glasses and/or face shield

 

 

 

 

      c.   Ear protection

 

 

 

 

      d.   Fall protection - body harness

 

 

 

 

      e.   Hard toe shoe

 

 

 

 

      f.    Gloves, welding leathers, etc.

 

 

 

 

      g.   Proper clothing worn

 

 

 

 

      h.   Respiratory protection:

 

 

 

 

            Worker fit tested, training and given physical examination

 

 

 

 

            Two-strap disposable dust mask used

 

 

 

 

            Ventilation used where needed

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.   Tools

0

1

2

3

      a.   Proper tool for each job

 

 

 

 

      b.   Tools inspected and are in good order

 

 

 

 

c.      Electrical (110/120 volt) tools are 3 wire grounded or double

      insulated

 

 

 

 

d.      Electrical cords three prong plugs are in place, in good

      condition

 

 

 

 

      e.   Workers protected by GFCI

 

 

 

 

      f.    All tools with point of operation guards          

 

 

 

 

      g.   Tools used in elevated conditions secured from falling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.   Scaffolding

0

1

2

3

      a.   Scaffolds are level and plumb and on a firm base

 

 

 

 

      b.   Adjusting/leveling screws at base

 

 

 

 

c.      Guard rails and toe boards installed on all open sides of and

      ends of platform more than 10 feet high

 

 

 

 

      d.   Scaffold grade planking in good condition

 

 

 

 

      e.   All bracing in place

 

 

 

 

      f.    Work area completely planked & secured

 

 

 

 

      g.   Access ladders provided, secured

 

 

 

 

      h.   Screens provided to protect people walking below scaffold

 

 

 

 

i.         Scaffolding frames locking pins in place, no substitutions of

      weld rods, etc.

 

 

 

 

j.         Scaffolds secured to structure or building to prevent

      movement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.   Ladders

0

1

2

3

      a.   Ladders inspected and in good condition

 

 

 

 

      b.   Ladders extend 36" above landing

 

 

 

 

      c.   Ladders equipped with safety shoes

 

 

 

 

      d.   Ladders "tied off" to prevent movement

 

 

 

 

      e.   Stepladders fully open when in use

 

 

 

 

      f.    Employees not standing on top or first step of ladder

 

 

 

 

f.        Ladder base must be positioned one-quarter of the vertical

      distance away from the ladder support point

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.   Barricades and Railings

0

1

2

3

a.      Work areas have limited access through means of flagging or

       barricades

 

 

 

 

      b.   Perimeter guards on elevated floors above four feet

 

 

 

 

      c.   Floor openings covered or barricaded

 

 

 

 

d.      Standard railing 42" high with intermediate rail and 4” high

            toe board capacity of 200 lbs.

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

8.   Fire Prevention

0

1

2

3

      a.   Fire instruction to personnel

 

 

 

 

      b.   Fire extinguishers identified & checked

 

 

 

 

      c.   Adequate fire watch maintained

 

 

 

 

e.      "No Smoking or Open Flame" signs posted and enforced

       where needed

 

 

 

 

      e.   Monthly inspection / Annual Inspection

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.   Rigging

0

1

2

3

a.      Rigging equipment for material handling checked for safety

       before use

 

 

 

 

      b.   Proper techniques used in rigging operation

 

 

 

 

      c.   Taglines used in rigging operation

 

 

 

 

 

Any additional comments

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

________________________________________________________________________

 

 


 

SUPERINTENDENT:   AREA SAFETY AUDIT FORM

 

 

 

Person Making Inspection                                                    Title                ______

 

Area Audited                                                                                     Date                           

 

CODE:     0 - Does Not Apply

               1 - Adequate Or Proper

               2 - Needs Improvement

               3 - Needs Immediate Attention

 

1.   Housekeeping

0

1

2

3

      a.   General neatness of working areas

 

 

 

 

      b.   Passageways and walkways clear

 

 

 

 

      c.   Waste containers provided and used

 

 

 

 

      d.   Debris stacked in piles out of work areas

 

 

 

 

      e.   Welding rods collected and put in designated containers

 

 

 

 

      f.    Tool and material storage areas neat and orderly

 

 

 

 

      g.   Nails in lumber clinched over or removed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.   Welding And Oxy Fuel Cutting

0

1

2

3

      a.   Welding/burning permit acquired & posted

 

 

 

 

      b.   Atmospheric testing

 

 

 

 

      c.   Adjacent workers protected by screens

 

 

 

 

      d.   Sparks and hot slag contained

 

 

 

 

f.         Hoses and leads secured out of passageways and in good

       condition

 

 

 

 

      f.    Welding or cutting area ventilated

 

 

 

 

      g.   Gas cylinders upright, secured and properly stored

 

 

 

 

      h.   Fire blankets (spark catchers) in use

 

 

 

 

      i.    Equipment in operating condition

 

 

 

 

      j.    Electrical equipment grounded

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   Personal Protective Equipment

0

1

2

3

      a.   Hard hat and welding hood

 

 

 

 

      b.   Safety glasses and/or face shield

 

 

 

 

      c.   Ear protection

 

 

 

 

      d.   Fall protection-safety belt/body harness

 

 

 

 

      e.   Work shoe or hard toe shoe

 

 

 

 

      f.    Gloves, welding leathers, etc.

 

 

 

 

      g.   Proper clothing worn

 

 

 

 

      h.   Respiratory protection:

 

 

 

 

            Worker fit, tested, training and given physical examination

 

 

 

 

            Two-strap disposable dust mask used

 

 

 

 

            Ventilation used where needed

 

 

 

 


 

4.   Tools

0

1

2

3

      a.   Proper tool for each job

 

 

 

 

      b.   Tools inspected and in good working order

 

 

 

 

b.       Electrical (110/120 volt) tools are 3-wire grounded or double

       insulated

 

 

 

 

c.       Electrical cords three-prong plugs are in place, cords in good

       condition

 

 

 

 

      e.   Workers protected by GFCI

 

 

 

 

      f.    All tools with point of operation guards

 

 

 

 

      g.   Tools used in elevated conditions secured from falling

 

 

 

 

 

5.   Scaffolding

0

1

2

3

      a.   Scaffolds are level and plumb and on a firm base

 

 

 

 

      b.   Adjusting/leveling screws at base

 

 

 

 

d.       Guard rails and toe boards installed on all open sides of and

       ends of platform  more than 10 feet high

 

 

 

 

      d.   Scaffold grade planking in good condition

 

 

 

 

      e.   All bracing in place

 

 

 

 

      f.    Work area completely planked & secured

 

 

 

 

g.       Access ladders provided, secured and extend 36" above

       landing

 

 

 

 

      h.   Screens provided to protect people walking below scaffold

 

 

 

 

h.       Scaffolding frames locking pins in place, no substitutions of

       weld rods, etc.

 

 

 

 

i.         Scaffolds secured to structure or building to prevent

      movement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.   Manufactured and Job Made Ladders

0

1

2

3

      a.   Ladders inspected and in good condition

 

 

 

 

      b.   Ladders extend 36" above landing

 

 

 

 

      c.   Ladders equipped with safety shoes

 

 

 

 

      d.   Ladders "tied off" to prevent movement

 

 

 

 

      e.   Stepladders fully open when in use

 

 

 

 

      f.    Employees not standing on top or top step of ladder

 

 

 

 

g.       Ladder base must be positioned one-quarter of the vertical

       distance away from the  ladder support point

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.   Job Made Ladders

0

1

2

3

      a.   Single Cleat (Maximum length - 30 feet)

 

 

 

 

            Width Between 15" and 20"

 

 

 

 

            Side Rails:

 

 

 

 

            2' x 4' to 16 feet

 

 

 

 

            2' x 6" 16 to 30 feet

 

 

 

 

      b.   Double Cleat (maximum length - 24 feet) 

 

 

 

 

            Width (Each Side) between 7.5" and 22"

 

 

 

 

            between outer rail and mid rail

 

 

 

 

            Side Rails:

 

 

 

 

            2' x 4' to 12 feet

 

 

 

 

            2" x 6" 12 to 24 feet

 

 

 

 

      c.   Cleats - 2" x 4" at 12" centers

 

 

 

 

            (1" x 4" exceptional quality wood can be used)

 

 

 

 

            Secured with 12d common wire nails

 

 

 

 

            Staggered nails to prevent splitting

 

 

 

 

      d.   General

 

 

 

 

            Wood free from defects, cracks, etc.

 

 

 

 

            Rails are continuous lumber or splices used which develop                     

              adequate strength

 

 

 

 

            Ladders secured at top and bottom

 

 

 

 

            Ladders not painted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.   Barricades and Railings

0

1

2

3

a.       Work areas have limited access through means of flagging or

       barricades

 

 

 

 

      b.   Perimeter guards on elevated floors above four feet

 

 

 

 

      c.   Floor openings covered or barricaded

 

 

 

 

e.       Standard railing 42" high with intermediate rail and 4" high toe

       board capacity of 200 lbs.

 

 

 

 

 

9.   Fire Prevention

0

1

2

3

      a.   Fire instruction to personnel

 

 

 

 

      b.   Fire extinguishers identified & checked

 

 

 

 

      c.   Adequate fire watch maintained

 

 

 

 

e.       "No Smoking or Open Flame" signs posted and enforced

       where needed

 

 

 

 

      e.   Flammable and combustible signs in place

 

 

 

 

      f.    Next monthly inspection date due

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.  Rigging

0

1

2

3

a.       Rigging equipment for material handling checked for safety

       before use

 

 

 

 

      b.   Proper techniques used in rigging operation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.  Electrical (Lockout/Tagout)

0

1

2

3

      a.   Energy sources identified

 

 

 

 

      b.   Lockout / tagout devices in place

 

 

 

 

      c.   One worker - one lock / tag

 

 

 

 

      d.   System (s) tested before work starts

 

 

 

 

      e.   Group lockout utilized

 

 

 

 

      f.    All locks / tags accounted for

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.  Excavation

0

1

2

3

      a.   Client approval before excavation

 

 

 

 

      b.   Area protected through use of barricades

 

 

 

 

      c.   Structures and utilities secured

 

 

 

 

      d.   Competent person has classified soil

 

 

 

 

      e.   Protection provided:

 

 

 

 

            Slope ______ or Shoring ______

 

 

 

 

      f.    Confined space entry permit acquired

 

 

 

 


 


13.  Cranes

0

1

2

3

      a.   Crane inspection records available

 

 

 

 

b.       Operator documented certification of crane inspection before

       use

 

 

 

 

      c.   Pre-Lift:

 

 

 

 

            Load chart used

 

 

 

 

            Hand signals agreed upon

 

 

 

 

            Affected trades notified

 

 

 

 

            Rigging inspected

 

 

 

 

            Tag lines utilized

 

 

 

 

            Crane level within 1%

 

 

 

 

      d.   Outriggers on firm ground/planks

 

 

 

 

      e.   Swing radius guarded

 

 

 

 

      f.    Live electrical lines insulated if required

 

 

 

 

      g.   Workers not permitted under loads

 

 

 

 

      h.   Area protected through use of barricades

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14.  Concrete Construction

0

1

2

3

      a.   Forms properly installed and braced

 

 

 

 

      b.   Proper access ways provided where needed

 

 

 

 

      c.   Adequate shoring and bracing

 

 

 

 

      d.   Mixing and transport equipment properly routed and spotted

 

 

 

 

      e.   Placing equipment has appropriate guards and warning signs

 

 

 

 

      f.    Work area is free of loose materials and nails

 

 

 

 

 

15.  Masonry

0

1

2

3

      a.   Scaffolding in accordance with Item 4

 

 

 

 

      b.   Masonry saw properly equipped

 

 

 

 

      c.   Dust protection provided where needed

 

 

 

 

      d.   Proper material storage

 

 

 

 

      e.   Proper disposal of refuse

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.  Steel Erection

0

1

2

3

      a.   Safety nets or floors in place

 

 

 

 

      b.   Fall protection in use where required

 

 

 

 

      c.   Ladders, stairs, or other access provided

 

 

 

 

      d.   Periphery railings or wire rope in place

 

 

 

 

      e.   Tag lines being used to control loads

 

 

 

 

f.         Bolts or drift pins that are being knocked out are prevented

       from falling

 

 

 

 

      g.   Metal decking is laid tight and secured from movement

 

 

 

 

      h.   Floor openings are guarded

 

 

 

 

      i.    Employees working on floats using body harness

 

 

 

 

j.         Material properly stored, away from outside edge of floor

       opening

 

 

 

 


 

17.  Flammable Gases and Liquids

0

1

2

3

      a.   All containers clearly identified

 

 

 

 

      b.   Proper storage practices observed

 

 

 

 

      c.   Fire hazards checked

 

 

 

 

      d.   Proper storage, protection, signs, and barricades

 

 

 

 

      e.   Proper types and number of extinguishers nearby

 

 

 

 

 

18.  Comments:

 

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

 

 

 


 

SAFETY COORDINATOR SITE SAFETY AUDIT

 

Person(s) making inspection:__________________   Title:________________________

 

Date:___________________   Time:____________

 

Code: 0 - Does Not Apply

            1 - Adequate or Proper

            2 - Needs Improvement

            3 - Needs Immediate Attention

 

1.   JOB SITE INFORMATION:

0

1

2

3

a.   OSHA and other job site warning posters

 

 

 

 

b.   Tool Box Safety Meeting material on site

 

 

 

 

c.   Adequate first aid equipment and stretchers available?

 

 

 

 

d.   Forms for job site injury and accident records posted?

 

 

 

 

e.   Are emergency telephone numbers conspicuously posted?

 

 

 

 

f.    Tool Box and Project Safety Meetings?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.   HOUSEKEEPING AND SANITATION:

0

1

2

3

a.   General neatness of working areas

 

 

 

 

b.   Passageways and walkways clear?

 

 

 

 

c.   Waste containers provided

 

 

 

 

d.   Sanitary facilities adequate and clean

 

 

 

 

e.   Adequate supply of drinking water

 

 

 

 

f.    Disposable drinking cups

 

 

 

 

g.   Adequate lighting

 

 

 

 

h.   Trash receptacle for drinking cups

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.   FIRE PREVENTION:

0

1

2

3

a.   Fire instruction to personnel

 

 

 

 

b.   Fire extinguishers identified, checked, monthly inspection

 

 

 

 

c.   Hydrants clear, access to public thoroughfare open

 

 

 

 

d.   Housekeeping

 

 

 

 

e.   "No Smoking" signs posted and enforced where needed

 

 

 

 

f.    Storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids in       accordance with standards

 

 

 

 

g.   Clearance, proper mounting, ventilation for temporary heating

 

 

 

 


 

4.   ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS (cont.)

0

1

2

3

d. All terminal boxes equipped with required covers

 

 

 

 

e. Have concealed electrical lines been located and marked?

 

 

 

 

f. Proper guards on temporary lights

 

 

 

 

g. GFCI used properly

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. HAND TOOLS:

0

1

2

3

a. Proper tool for each job

 

 

 

 

b. Neat and secured storage area

 

 

 

 

c. Inspection and maintenance procedure

 

 

 

 

d. System for repairing or replacing damaged tools

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. POWER TOOLS:

0

1

2

3

a. All power tools operated in a safe manner

 

 

 

 

b. All power operated tools properly guarded

 

 

 

 

c. Electric tools grounded and/or double insulated

 

 

 

 

d. Pneumatic power tools, fuel power tools, hydraulic power tools                 have required guards

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. POWDER ACTUATED TOOLS:

0

1

2

3

a. Local laws and ordinances complied with

 

 

 

 

b. Operated only by trained personnel

 

 

 

 

c. Tools checked and in good working order

 

 

 

 

d. Safety goggles and/or face shields available

 

 

 

 

e. Tools not used except on recommend materials

 

 

 

 

f. Powder actuated tools have required safeguards

 

 

 

 

g. Tools and charges protected from unauthorized use

 

 

 

 

f. Competent instruction and supervision available

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. LADDERS:

0

1

2

3

a. Ladders inspected and in good condition

 

 

 

 

b. On site made ladders constructed of sound materials

 

 

 

 

c. Stepladders fully open when in use

 

 

 

 

d. Rungs or cleats not over 12” on center

 

 

 

 

e. Metal ladders not used around electrical hazards

 

 

 

 

f. Are ladders unpainted

 

 

 

 

g. Are ladders equipped with safety shoes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. SCAFFOLDING:

0

1

2

3

a. Scaffold footing and anchorage

 

 

 

 

b. Guardrails and toe boards on all scaffolds more than 10’ high or where needed

 

 

 

 

c. Scaffolds and parts damaged or weakened

 

 

 

 

 


 

9.   SCAFFOLDING (cont.)

0

1

2

3

d.   Access ladder provided for scaffolds

 

 

 

 

e.   Wire mesh or equivalent available for scaffolds when persons must pass under scaffolds

 

 

 

 

f.    Is the scaffold plumb and square with cross bracing?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. HOISTS, CRANES AND DERRICKS:

0

1

2

3

a.   Cables and sheaves

 

 

 

 

b.   Slings and chains, hooks and eyes

 

 

 

 

c.   Equipment firmly supported

 

 

 

 

d.   Outriggers

 

 

 

 

e.   Power line signs, and other operating signs, in plain view of operator

 

 

 

 

f.    Proper loading and capacity at proper radius charts

 

 

 

 

g.   All equipment properly lubricated and maintained

 

 

 

 

h.   Signalmen where needed

 

 

 

 

i.    Signals understood and observed

 

 

 

 

j.    Are inspection and maintenance logs maintained?

 

 

 

 

k.   Are guards over moving parts?

 

 

 

 

l.    Proper fire protection

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. HEAVY EQUIPMENT:

0

1

2

3

a.   Regular inspection and maintenance

 

 

 

 

b.   Lubrication and repair of moving parts

 

 

 

 

c.   Lights, brakes, warning signals operative

 

 

 

 

d.   Wheels chocked when necessary

 

 

 

 

e.   Haul roads well maintained and laid out properly

 

 

 

 

f.    Protection when equipment is not in use

 

 

 

 

g.   Shut off devices on hose airlines in case of hose failure?

 

 

 

 

h.   Noise arresters in use?

 

 

 

 

i.    Guards over moving parts?

 

 

 

 

j.    Proper fire protection

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

12. MOTOR VEHICLES:

0

1

2

3

a.   Regular inspection and maintenance

 

 

 

 

b.   Operators licensed and qualified

 

 

 

 

c.   Local and state vehicle laws and regulations observed

 

 

 

 

d.   Brakes, lights, warning devices operative

 

 

 

 

e.   Weight limits and load sizes controlled

 

 

 

 

f.    Personnel carried in a safe manner

 

 

 

 

g.   All glass in good condition

 

 

 

 

h.   Back-up signals provided

 

 

 

 

i.    Fire extinguishers installed where required?

 

 

 

 

 

13. BARRICADES:

0

1

2

3

a.   Floor openings planked over or barricaded

 

 

 

 

b.   Roadways and sidewalks effectively protected

 

 

 

 

c.   Adequate lighting provided

 

 

 

 

d.   Traffic controlled

 

 

 

 

e.   Perimeter guards on elevated floors

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14  HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS:

0

1

2

3

a.   Are materials properly stored or stacked?

 

 

 

 

b.   Are passageways clear?

 

 

 

 

c.   Stacks on firm footings, not too high

 

 

 

 

d.   Are materials protected from weather conditions?

 

 

 

 

e.   Protection against falling into hoppers and bins

 

 

 

 

f.    Is dust protection observed?

 

 

 

 

g.   Extinguishers and other fire protection available

 

 

 

 

h.   Is traffic controlled in the storage area?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15. EXCAVATION AND SHORING:

0

1

2

3

a.   Are adjacent structures properly shored?

 

 

 

 

b.   Is shoring and sheathing used for soil control?

 

 

 

 

c.   Are roads and sidewalks supported and protected?

 

 

 

 

d.   Is material stored too close to excavations?

 

 

 

 

e.   Is excavation barricaded and lighting provided?

 

 

 

 

f.    Is equipment a safe distance from edge of excavation?

 

 

 

 

g.   Are ladders provided where needed?

 

 

 

 

h.   Are equipment ramps adequate?

 

 

 

 

i.    Is job supervision adequate?

 

 

 

 

j.    Have concealed utility lines been located and marked?

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

16. DEMOLITION:

0

1

2

3

a.   Are operations posted and controlled?

 

 

 

 

b.   Is there protection of adjacent structures?

 

 

 

 

c.   Are material chutes used?

 

 

 

 

d.   Is there sidewalk and other public protection?

 

 

 

 

e.   Clear operating space for trucks and other vehicles

 

 

 

 

f.    Adequate access ladders or stairs

 

 

 

 

g.   Have concealed utility lines been located and marked?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17. FLAMMABLE GASES/LIQUIDS:

0

1

2

3

a.   All containers clearly identified

 

 

 

 

b.   Proper storage practices observed

 

 

 

 

c.   Fire hazards checked

 

 

 

 

d.   Proper storage, protection, signs, barricades

 

 

 

 

e.   Proper types and numbers of extinguishers nearby

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18. WELDING AND CUTTING:

0

1

2

3

a.   Are operators qualified?

 

 

 

 

b.   Screens and shields available

 

 

 

 

c.   Goggles, gloves, clothing available

 

 

 

 

d.   Equipment in operating condition

 

 

 

 

e.   Electrical equipment grounded

 

 

 

 

f.    Power cables protected and in good repair

 

 

 

 

g.   Fire extinguishers of proper type

 

 

 

 

h.   Inspection for fire hazards

 

 

 

 

i.    Flammable materials protected

 

 

 

 

j.    Gas cylinders upright, secured and properly stored

 

 

 

 

k.   Gas lines protected and in good condition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

0

1

2

3

a.   Eye protection

 

 

 

 

b.   Face shields

 

 

 

 

c.   Respirators and masks

 

 

 

 

d.   Helmets and hoods

 

 

 

 

e.   Head protection

 

 

 

 

f.    Gloves, aprons and sleeves

 

 

 

 

g.   Ear protection

 

 

 

 

h.   Body harnesses and lifelines provided

 

 

 

 

i.    Proper shoes, trousers and shirts worn where needed

 

 

 

 


 

20. CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION:

0

1

2

3

a.   Forms properly installed and braced

 

 

 

 

b.   Proper access ways provided where needed

 

 

 

 

c.   Adequate shoring and bracing

 

 

 

 

d.   Mixing and transport equipment properly routed and spotted

 

 

 

 

e.   Placing equipment has appropriate guards and warning signs

 

 

 

 

f.    Work area is uncluttered and free of loose material with nails

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21. MASONRY:

0

1

2

3

a.   Scaffolding has adequate planking, handrails, toe boards and access

 

 

 

 

b.   Masonry saw properly equipped

 

 

 

 

c.   Eye and dust protection provided where needed

 

 

 

 

d.   Hoisting equipment in good operating condition

 

 

 

 

e.   Proper material storage

 

 

 

 

f.    Proper disposal of refuse

 

 

 

 

 

 

22. STEEL ERECTION:

0

1

2

3

a.   Safety nets or floors in place

 

 

 

 

b.   Fall protection being used where required

 

 

 

 

c.   Ladders, stairs or other access provided

 

 

 

 

d.   Periphery railing or wire rope in place

 

 

 

 

e.   Tag lines being used to control loads

 

 

 

 

f.    Bolts or drift pins that are being knocked out are prevented from     falling

 

 

 

 

g.   Metal decking is laid tight and secured from movement

 

 

 

 

h.   Floor openings are guarded

 

 

 

 

i.    Employees working on floats using body harnesses

 

 

 

 

j.    Material properly stored away from outside edge or edge of floor       openings, etc.

 

 

 

 

 

COMMENTS: ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

 

 


SAFETY OBSERVATION

 

Date__________________Client______________________JobNo.____________________

 

Superintendent___________________________ Observed By____________________________

 

 

Acceptable

Unacceptable

Personal Protective Equipment

 

 

Eye Protection

 

 

Hard Hat

 

 

Fall Protection

 

 

 

 

 

Housekeeping

 

 

 

 

 

Electrical

 

 

Cords properly suspended

 

 

GFI in use

 

 

 

 

 

Ladders Properly Used/Secured

 

 

 

 

 

Scaffolding Properly Erected/Tagged

 

 

 

 

 

Steel Erection

 

 

Taglines used

 

 

Guardrails/warnings posted

 

 

Floor openings protected

 

 

 

 

 

Fire Prevention Practices Followed

 

 

 

 

 

Excavation

 

 

Properly shored or reposed

 

 

Safe access

 

 

Barricades

 

 

 

 

 

Cutting/Welding

 

 

Screens in use

 

 

Fire extinguisher available

 

 

Bottles properly stored

 

 

 

 

 

Tools

 

 

Good repair

 

 

Properly used

 

 

Guards in place

 

 

 

WIRE ROPE INSPECTION

 

WIRE ROPE

A.

NO. BROKEN

WIRES PER.

(Indicate actual no., if none, so indicate)

 

B.

DIAM. WEAR

(Amount of wear for most wire & overall rope.  If none, so indicate)

C.

KINKED CRUSHED CUT, LOSS OF LAY,

(State specific condition, if none, so indicate)

D.

LUBED, CORROSION (If OK, so indicate, if corrosion, heat or other damage from any source)

E.

TERMINAL TACKLE BLOCKS, HOOKS, ETC. (Note any sub-standard conditions inc. safety latch mechanism)

                                                                                                                                               

 

CRANE WIRE ROPE INSEPCTION RECORD:

                                          (1)                    (2)              (1)              (2)

TYPE                SIZE         LAY          STRAND         IND           TOT.

                                                                                   WIRE          ROPE

                                                                                                                                               

 

Main Hoist                                                                                                                              

 

Load Line                                                                                                                                

 

Boom Hoist                                                                                                                             

 

Top Lift                                                                                                                                   

 

Jib Hoist                                                                                                                                  

 

Whip Line                                                                                                                               

 

Pendants                                                                                                                                 

 

Main                                                                                                                                       

 

Jib Guys                                                                                                                                  

 

Upper                                                                                                                                     

 

Jib Guys                                                                                                                                  

 

Lower                                                                                                                                     

 

 

 

 

OSHA REPLACEMENT CRITERIA

 

                                  RUNNING ROPES                                                              STANDING ROPES

A.    (1) Six random breaks in one lay.                               A.      (1) More than two in one lay exc. end connections.

        (2) Three breaks in one strand in one lay.                          (2) One break at end connection.

B.    (1) 1/3 orig. diam. of individual outside wires.         B.      (1) None normally accepted.

        (2) Varies by size.  Ex. 1/16" diam. of 7/8" to                      (2) None normally except severe overload.

              1-1/8" rope (refer to 1926.550 (4 IV).    C.            Any evidence, esp. loss of lay at end connection.

C.    Any evidence of distortion of rope structure         D.      Especially at end connection.

        esp. loss of lay at end connections.                         E.       Sockets, eyes, clips & clamps, damaged, worn, etc.

D.    Damaged sockets, loose clips, loose wedges                   (LOCATION) Job #                                                  

        damaged or cracked blocks, sheaves, hooks, etc.            Inspected by:                                                             

 

DATE INSPECTED:____________________________________

 


 

DAILY TRUCK CRANE INSPECTION

 

 

A.  TRUCK CRANES

O.K.

Unsatisfactory Cond. - Note

Correction

 

 

 

 

1.   Tires

 

 

 

2.   Outriggers

 

 

 

3.   Fuel Tank

 

 

 

4.   Swing Radius Protection

 

 

 

5.   Drivers Cab

 

 

 

      a.   Clean

 

 

 

      b.   Windows

 

 

 

6.   Brakes

 

 

 

7.   Hydraulic System

 

 

 

8.   Access Steps

 

 

 

9.   Operators Cab

 

 

 

10. Load Lines

 

 

 

11. Boom Lines

 

 

 

12. Pendants

 

 

 

13. Hooks

 

 

 

14. Drums

 

 

 

      a.   Brakes

 

 

 

      b.   Friction

 

 

 

      c.   Hydraulics

 

 

 

      d.   Air

 

 

 

15. Drive Guards

 

 

 

16. Boom

 

 

 

17. Boom Stops

 

 

 

18. Swing Mechanism

 

 

 

19. Fire Extinguisher

 

 

 

 


 

DAILY CRAWLER CRANE INSPECTION

 

 

B.   CRAWLER CRANES

O.K.

Unsatisfactory Cond. - Note

Correction

 

 

 

 

1.   Tracks & Drive

 

 

 

2.   Swing Mechanism

 

 

 

3.   Operators Cab

 

 

 

      a.   Windows

 

 

 

      b.   Seat

 

 

 

      c.   Controls

 

 

 

      d.   Warnings Posted

 

 

 

      e.   Clean

 

 

 

      f.    Access

 

 

 

4.   Engine Compartment

 

 

 

      a.   Clean

 

 

 

      b.   Engine Operating Properly

 

 

 

      c.   Access

 

 

 

5.   Load Lines

 

 

 

6.   Boom Lines

 

 

 

7.   Pendants

 

 

 

8.   Hooks

 

 

 

9.   Drums

 

 

 

      a.   Brakes

 

 

 

      b.   Friction

 

 

 

      c.   Hydraulics

 

 

 

      d.   Air

 

 

 

10. Drive Guards

 

 

 

11. Boom

 

 

 

12. Boom Stops

 

 

 

13. Fire Extinguisher

 

 

 

 

 


INSPECTION CHECK LIST FOR HYDRAULIC CRANES

 

INSPECTED BY                                                                                                                                                   

 

MODEL OF VEHICLE                                                                                                                                        

 

JOB LOCATION                                                                                                                                                 

 

STATE YES, NO, OK OR COMMENT (NO CHECK MARKS)

 

GENERAL             Appearance                                                                          Paint                                                      

                                Cab                                                                                         Glass________Wiper                        

                                Boom                                                                                      Angle Indicator                                   

                                Load Indicator                                                                      Load Charts                                         

 

ENGINE                 Oil Level & Condition                                                         Hour Meter                                          

                                Operating Condition                                                           

                                Cooling System                                                                    Anti-Freeze                                          

                                Battery Condition                                                               

                                Engine Instruments                                                        

                                All Guards in Position                                                    

 

                                Comments:

                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

CARRIER             Brakes                                                                                    Parking Brake                                       

                                Tire Condition:   R.F.                                                           L.F.                                                        

                                                              R.R.                                                           L.R.                                                        

                                Lights                                                                                     Brake Lights                                         

                                Transmission                                                                        Slipping                 Noisy                    

                                Outriggers:  R.F.                                                                   L.F.                                                        

                                                      R.R.                                                                   L.R.                                                        

                                Steering - Front                                                                    Rear                                                       

 

                                Comments:

                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

BOOM                   Cable Condition                                                                                                                                  

                                Hook Damage                                                                       Spread                                                   

                                Winch Brake                                                                         Pump Noise                                          

                                Cylinders-Note Leakage, Drift & Speed of Operation                                                                   

                                Crowd                                                                                                                                                   

                                Hoist                                                                                                                                                     

                                Guide Shoes                                                                                                                                         

                                Swing                                                                                     Jib                                                          

                                Limit Switch (Test)                                                                                                                              

 

OTHER & COMMENTS - NOTE ANY POTENTIAL HAZARDS OR MALFUNCTIONS.

 

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

GAS OR DIESIL POWERED EQUIPMENT INSPECTION FORM

 

           

Equipment Number:

 

Operator's Name:

 

Project Location:

 

Date:

 

 

HOUR METER/SPEEDOMETER READING - _________________________ HOURS/MILES

___________________________________________________________________________

 

Check () boxes accordingly       (     ) OK    (     ) Needs attention or repair

 

VISUAL CHECKS:

 

OPERATIONAL CHECKS:

 

 

 

Engine Oil Level

 

 

Horn

 

 

Radiator water level when cold

 

 

Steering

 

 

Fuel level

 

 

Service brakes

 

 

Obvious damage and leaks

 

 

Parking brake

 

 

Tire condition

 

 

Hydraulic controls

 

 

Head and tail lights

 

 

Directional signals

 

 

Warning lights

 

 

Backup alarm

 

 

Hour meter/speedometer

 

 

Fire Extinguisher

 

 

Other gauges and instruments

 

 

 

 

 

Current maintenance sticker

 

 

 

 

Comments:       (Explain all items needing attention or repair.)                                       

                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
RIGGING INSPECTION

 

 

1.         Purpose

 

The purpose of this procedure is to establish an inspection criteria for all rigging used on the construction site.

 

2.         Responsibility

 

The safety coordinator shall be responsible for the implementation of this procedure on each jobsite.  It is the responsibility of the superintendent for compliance to this procedure.

 

3.         Definitions

 

Lay - The distance it takes the wire strand to make one complete spiral.

 

Strand - Group of wires about another to produce one section of rope.

 

4.         General Requirements

 

All rigging shall be given a unique identification number.  This number shall be clearly marked on the rigging.

 

Each day, before any rigging is used, it shall be inspected by a competent person, and documented on the appropriate inspection forms.

 

Once each month, all rigging shall be inspected by the superintendent.  After his inspection, a colored dot shall be applied to each piece of rigging, indicating the month it was inspected.  The tape shall be applied as follows.

 

1.   Chain Falls/Come-a-Longs:                        On the body

2.   Wire Rope Chokers/Synthetic Chokers:      Below the eye

3.   Shackles:                                                    On the side, above the pin

 

Color coding example:

 

January       Orange                                     July               White

February    Brown                                      August           Green

March        Yellow                                     September     Gray

April           Black                                       October        Blue

May           Light Blue                                 November     Light Green

June           Purple                                      December     Red

 

Criteria used for rejection of the rigging is outlined in the inspections section of this procedure.

 

Any rigging found having any of the following conditions or exceeding limits outlined in item 4 shall be immediately removed from service and repaired by an authorized agent or be destroyed.

 

The superintendent shall maintain all inspection records for the duration of the job.  Upon completion of the job, the records shall be forwarded to the equipment superintendent.

 

5.         Inspections

 

If any of the following conditions are found, the sling shall be removed from service.

 

Wire Rope

 

Ten (10) randomly distributed broken wires in one (1) lay or five (5) broken wires in one strand.

 

Wear/scraping of 1/3 of the original diameter of the outside strand.

 

Kinking, crushing, or bird caging or other damage that distorts the rope structure.

 

End attachments that are cracked, deformed or worn.  End attachments include thimbles, sockets, swages, etc.

 

Any evidence of heat.

 

Web Slings

 

Acid or caustic burns.

 

Melting or charring of any part of the sling.

 

Snags, punctures, tears, or cuts.

 

Worn or broken stitches.

 

Distortion of any portion of the sling.

 

Powdered fibers between the stitches.

 

Overloading of the sling.


Hooks

 

Any cracks or gouges.  These can be repaired by grinding lengthwise only, following the hook contour, provided the reduced dimension is within the limits shown below:

 

                                                                ZONE A:  REPAIR NOT REQUIRED

                                                                ZONE B:  10% OF ORIGINAL DIMENSION

                                                                ZONE C:  5% OF ORIGINAL DIMENSION

                                                                ZONE D:  SEE MINIMUM THREAD SIZE CHART

 

 

Hooks whose throat opening has been increased or whose tip is bent more than 10º out of plane from the hook body.

 

Hooks with defective safety latches.

 

All hooks shall be maintained on an annual basis.

 

Shackles

 

Any cracks, severe gouges or nicks.

 

Shackles with excessive wear at the pin or bow.

 

Any measurable deformation or twist.

 

Any separation of the legs beyond those listed on Chart 1.

 

Chains and Chain Fittings*

 

Twisting of the link or any other type of disfigurement.

 

Shock loading.

 

Deterioration due to strain, usage or corrosion.

 

Used to carry load in excess of working load limit.

 

 

Wear on any point of a link exceeding the values listed below.

 

Link Material Diameter

Max Allowable Wear

1/4

3/64

3/8

5/64

1/2

7/64

5/8

9/64

3/4

5/32

7/8

11/64

1

3/16

1 1/8

7/32

1 1/4

1/4

1 3/8

9/32

1 1/2

5/16

1 3/4

11/32

 

Chain Falls/Come-a-longs

 

For chains and hooks, refer to the particular section for the acceptance/rejection criteria.

 

The chain fall/come-a-long shall be removed from service if the body shows any evidence of cracks, broken pins, missing screws or large dents.

 

*    Chains and chain fittings shall be examined to the criteria above and be thoroughly examined at least once each year.  This shall be documented on the rigging inspection sheet.

 

Regular inspection of wire rope and equipment has a three-fold purpose.  First, it reveals the condition of the rope and indicates the need for replacement.  Second, it sometimes tells if the most suitable type of rope is being used.  Third, it makes possible the discovery and correction of faults in equipment or operation which cause costly accelerated rope wear.

 

 

Such inspections should be carried out by a person who has learned through special training or practical experience what points to look for and who knows how to judge and explain the importance of any abnormal conditions he may discover.  It is the inspector's responsibility to obtain and follow the proper inspection criteria for the application being inspected.

 

The following page illustrates typical wear and damage which are frequently encountered.


EXAMPLES OF WEAR AND ABUSE

 

 

Far too many web slings have to be discarded prematurely simply because abusive and careless work habits caused irreparable damage.  Following are examples of damage typically caused by abuse and misuse.  Regardless of whether a sling shows damage from abuse or normal wear, the overriding rule in all cases is that sling eyes should be cut and the sling discarded immediately whenever damage is detected.

 

Tensile Break

 

A tensile break is characterized by a frayed appearance at the point of failure or damage.  Such damage is caused by loading the sling beyond its existing strength.  The example pictured was pulled to destruction on a testing machine.

 

Cuts

 

A cut is easily identified by a clean break in the webbing structure or fibers and usually results from the sling contacting a sharp object or unprotected edge of a load.  Such damage may be found anywhere in the body or eyes of a web sling.  Red Guard warning yarns are woven into webbing of many slings to provide a warning when a serious cut has occurred.  Cuts from contact with sharp corners during lifts can often be avoided by using wear pads on the sling for protection of the fabric.

 

Cut and Tensile Damage

 

The sample shown below illustrates a typical shop failure in which a sling is used after having received a cut by a sharp object along one edge of the sling body.  The cut severely reduces lifting capacity, and continued usage will result in the sling breaking much as shown.  Such a failure often occurs at a level far below the rated capacity of the sling.

 

Abrasion Damage

 

The most common abrasion damage occurs either when a sling slips while in contact with a load during a lift, or when being pulled from under a load.  Abrasion is characterized by frayed fibers on the surface which exposes the "picks", or cross fibers, of the webbing that hold in place the load-bearing (lengthwise) fibers.  Further abrasion at this point will expose the Red Guard warning yarns to signal the inspector or sling user that serious damage -- and loss of lifting capacity -- has occurred.  Any damage to load-bearing fibers should be viewed critically.

 

 

 

 

 

Acid Damage

 

Although polyester webbing has considerable resistance to certain acids -- and nylon should never be exposed to possible contact with an acid -- any contact with strong acids should be avoided.  Metal fittings on slings should not be exposed to any acid or corrosive liquid.

 

Example A:     The damage shown here to nylon webbing occurred when sulfuric acid (such as used in an automobile battery) was heated to 100º C. (212º F.) and dropped on the webbing.  The charring of surface fibers seen here is typical of acid damage.  The deterioration shown will continue over time and severely affect webbing strength.

 

Example B:     A piece of nylon webbing was immersed in sulfuric acid at room temperature for three weeks, resulting in the significant damage shown.  Note that fibers are softened and swollen, and the entire fabric is grossly distorted, virtually destroying the webbing.  Precautions should be taken never to store slings where they may be exposed to acid fumes (which can be as destructive as liquid), or to possible contact with acid.

 

 

 

Tensile

Break

Abrasion

Damage

 

Cut

Acid

Damage

"A"

Cut &

Tensile

Damage

Acid

Damage

"B"

 

 

 

 


WIRE ROPE INSPECTION

 

All wire ropes wear out eventually.

 

Because wire rope gradually loses work capability throughout its service life, periodic inspections are necessary.  Applicable industry standards such as ANSI B30.2 for Overhead and Gantry Cranes or Federal Regulations such as OSHA refer to specific inspection criteria for specific applications.

 

Any wire rope should be thoroughly inspected at regular intervals.  The longer it has been in service or the more severe the service, the more thoroughly and frequently it should be inspected.

 

 

An illustration of a wire which has broken under tensile load in excess of its strength.  It is typically recognized by the "cup and cone" appearance at the point of fracture.  The necking down of the wire at the point of failure to form the cup and cone indicates that failure occurred while the wire retained its ductility.

 

 

A wire rope which has been subjected to repeated bending over sheaves under normal loads.  This results in "fatigue" breaks in individual wires, these breaks being square and usually in the crown of the strands.

 

 

An illustration of a wire which shows a fatigue break.  It is recognized by the squared off ends perpendicular to the wire.  This break was produced by a torsion machine which is used to measure the ductility.  This break is similar to wire failures in the field caused by excessive bending.

 

 

An example of "fatigue" failure of a wire rope which has been subjected to heavy loads over small sheaves.  The usual crown breaks are accompanied by breaks in the valleys of the strands, these breaks being caused by "strand nicking" resulting from the heavy loads.

 

 

 

A single strand removed from a wire rope subjected to "strand nicking".  This condition is the result of adjacent strands rubbing against one another and is usually caused by core failure due to continued operation of a rope under high tensile load.  The ultimate result will be individual wire breaks in the valleys of the strands.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Typical evidence

of

wear and abuse

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Localized wear over an equalizing sheave.  The danger of this type wear is that it is not visible during operation of the rope.  This emphasizes the need of regular inspection of this portion of an operating rope.

A wire rope which has jumped a sheave.  The rope itself is deformed into a "curl" as if bent around a round shaft.  Close examination of the wires show two types of breaks - normal tensile "cup and cone" breaks and shear breaks which give the appearance of having been cut on an angle with a cold chisel.

 

 

A "bird cage".  Caused by sudden release of tension and resultant rebound of rope from overloaded condition.  These strands and wires will not return to their original positions.

 

An example of a wire rope with a high strand, - a condition in which one or two strands are worn before adjoining strands.  This is caused by improper socketing or seizing, kinks or dog legs.  Picture A is a close-up of the concentration of wear and B shows how it recurs in every sixth strand (in a six strand rope).

 

 

 

A close-up of a rope subjected to drum crushing.  Note the distortion of the individual wires and displacement from their normal position.  This is usually caused by the rope scrubbing on itself.

 

 

A typical failure of a rotary drill line with a poor cut-off practice.  These wires have been subjected to excessive peening causing fatigue type failures.  A predetermined, regularly scheduled, cut-off practice will go far toward eliminating this type of break.

 

 

A wire rope which has been kinked.  A kink is caused by pulling down a loop in a slack line during improper handling, installation, or operation.  Note the distortion of the strands and individual wires.  Early rope failure will undoubtedly occur at this time.

 

Drum crushing and "spiralling" in a winch line caused by the small drums, high loads, and multiple winding conditions frequently found on winches.

 


CHART 1

 

 

 

SHACKLES (ALL TYPES)

---Weldless Construction

---Forged Alloy Steel

 

STOCK DIAMETER (Inches)

INSIDE WIDTH AT PIN

(Inches)

MAX SAFE WORKING LOAD SINGLE VERTICAL PULL (Pounds)

3/16

3/8

665

1/4

15/32

1,000

5/16

17/32

1,500

3/8

21/32

2,000

7/16

23/32

3,000

1/2

13/16

4,000

5/8

1 1/16

6,500

3/4

1 1/4

9,500

7/8

1 7/16

13,000

1

1 11/16

17,000

1 1/8

1 13/16

19,000

1 1/4

2 1/32

24,000

1 3/8

2 1/4

27,000

1 1/2

2 3/8

34,000

1 3/4

2 7/8

50,000

2

3 1/4

70,000

2 1/2

4 1/8

100,000

3

5

150,000

3 1/2

5 3/4

200,000

4

6 1/2

260,000


SYNTHETIC WEB SLING

RIGGING INSPECTION FORM

 

Inspected By:____________ _________Date:_____________ Color:________________

 

 

DESCRIPTION

BURNS

MELTING OR CHARRING

SNAGS, PUNCTURES, CUTS, TEARS

BROKEN/

WORN STITCHES

DISTORTION

POWERED FIBERS

REMOVE FROM SERVICE DATE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


CHAIN FALL/COME-A-LONG

INSPECTION FORM

 

Inspected By _____________________Date:________________Color:________________________

 

 

DESCRIPTION

DAMAGE TO BODY OR HOUSING

SAFETY LATCH IN WORKING ORDER

HOOK THROAT OPENED 10% OR GREATER

CRACKS IN HOOK

EXCESSIVE CHAIN WEAR

ENLONGATION

 

OTHER

REMOVE FROM SERVICE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


CHAIN

INSPECTION FORM

 

 

Inspected By:____________ ________________Date:_______________ Color: __________

 

 

DESCRIPTION

TWISTING OF LINK(S)

EVIDENCE OF DETERIORATION

EXCESSIVE WEAR

CORROSION

ELONGATION

DATE REMOVED FROM SERVICE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


WIRE ROPE

RIGGING INSPECTION FORM

 

Inspected By:_________________________ Date:_____________ Color: _______________

 

 

DESCRIPTION

BROKEN WIRES IN ONE LAY

BROKEN WIRES IN ONE STRAND

EXCESSIVE WEAR

CRUSHING KINKING

BIRD

CAGING

EVIDENCE

OF HEAT

END ATTACHMENT CRACK, WORN, DEFORM

REMOVE FROM SERVICE DATE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


SHACKLE

INSPECTION REPORT

 

Inspected By: _____________________________Date:______________ Color: __________

 

 

DESCRIPTION

VISIBLE CRACKS

GOUGES OR NICKS

EXCESSIVE WEAR

TWISTING

REMOVE FROM SERVICE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


BODY HARNESS AND LANYARD

INSPECTION

 

1.         Purpose

 

To establish an inspection criteria and interval for body harnesses and lanyards.

 

2.         Responsibility

 

It is the superintendent's responsibility to ensure all harnesses and lanyards are inspected as outlined in this procedure.

 

3.         Inspection

 

All harnesses and lanyards shall be inspected before each use.  The monthly inspection shall be documented on the attached form.  Any part of the harness or lanyard failing an inspection point as outlined below shall result in that component being removed from service and destroyed.

 

Once a month, all harnesses and lanyards shall be inspected by the superintendent.  After his inspection, a colored dot shall be applied to the shoulder strap and at the snap on the lanyards indicating the month it was inspected.  Below is an example of color coding.

 

Color coding example:

 

January       Orange                                     July               White

February    Brown                                      August           Green

March        Yellow                                     September     Gray

April           Black                                       October        Blue

May           Light Blue                                 November     Light Green

June           Purple                                      December     Red

 

a.   Harness

 

1.   Waist belt/leg and shoulder straps

a.   Deformed grommets

b.   Broken, cut, pulled stitches

c.   Cuts, abrasions, burns to the webbing

d.   Broken web strands *

e.   Deformed, cracked buckles

f.    Enlarged tongue holes in the waist belt

g.   Any holes punched in the webbing to adjust the fitting

 

*    Hold the harness in hands 6-8 inches apart and bend the webbing into an inverted "U".  This causes surface tension, exposing the defects.  This shall be done for the entire harness.

2.   D-Rings

a.   Any distortion to the D-ring

b.   Excessive pitting or oxidation

c.   Any cracks, gouges, burrs

d.   Friction buckles

1.   Deformed, cracks, sharp edges

2.   Straightness of the inner and outer bars

 

3.   Attachment Points (hardware/straps)

a.   Broken, cut, pulled

b.   Loose rivets

 

4.   Friction Buckles

a.   Deformed, cracks, sharp edges

b.   Straightness of the inner and outer bars

 

b.   Lanyards

 

1.   Strap Type

a.   Cuts, abrasions, burns to the webbing

b.   Broken, cut, pulled stitches

c.   Broken web stands*

d.   Friction buckles

1.   Deformed, cracks, sharp edges

2.   Straightness of the inner and outer bars

 

*    Hold the lanyard in hands 6-8 inches apart and bend the webbing into an inverted "U".  This causes surface tension, exposing the defects.  This shall be done for the entire length of the lanyard.

 

2.   Rope Type

a.   Broken strands*

b.   Cuts, burns

 

*Untwist the rope enough to inspect the internal lays, after inspection of the external this shall be done for the entire length.

 

3.   Cable Type

a.   Cuts, burns or stretching of the plastic jacket.

 

 

 

4.   Snap Hooks

 

a.   Excessive wear

b.   Distortion

c.   Cracks, gouges, excessive pitting

d.   Malfunctions (cannot open the snap or it will not fully close on the mating surface.)

c.   Deceleration Devices

 

1.   Broken, cut, pulled stitches in the webbing

2.   Burns in the jacketing

3.   Pulled, broken stitches in the jacket or evidence of stretching of the jacket, indicating stress.

4.   Defects outlined in snap hooks.


 

BODY HARNESS INSPECTION REPORT

 

 

PROJECT NUMBER

 

 

PROJECT NAME

 

INSPECTED BY

 

 

COLOR CODE

 

 

BODY HARNESS CHECKLIST:

1.  Belt Webbing or Leather                              5.   Lanyards

2.  All Stitching                                                 6.   Double Locking Safety Latches

3.  Rivets and Eyelets                                        7.   Certification or Data Tag

4.  D-Ring(s), Buckles(s)                                  8.   Personal owned

EMPLOYEE NAME

MFG'S SERIAL NUMBER

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


LADDER INSPECTION

 

 

1.         Purpose

 

            The intent of this procedure is to provide inspection criteria for manufactured and job fabricated ladders used at SMC facilities.

 

2.         Responsibility

 

            It is the responsibility of the superintendent for the inspection of all ladders.  Ladders shall be inspected as part of the weekly documented audits.  They shall also be inspected once a month and the results documented on the attached forms.

 

3.         Manufactured Ladders

 

            Manufactured ladders shall be free of the following defects:

 

Missing/Bent/Cracked Rungs

Split Side Rails

Missing/Loose Rivets

Bent/Broken Braces

Missing/Damaged Feet

Corroded Components

Evidence of Fire

 

4.         Job Made Ladders

 

            Job made ladders shall be free of the following defects:

 

            Side Rails Straight Grained, Knot Free

            Cleats Straight Grained, Knot Free

            Filler Strips Secured

            No Cracks, Splinters

            Ladder Is Not Painted

            No Missing Nails

            All Cleats Tightly Secured

            Evidence of Fire

            Rotting Wood

 

            If any defects noted above are found on any ladder, it shall be removed from service and the necessary repairs made as soon as possible.  The rungs shall be blocked with plywood that spans at least 3 rungs with the words “Do Not Use” printed on it.  If repairs cannot be made, the ladder shall be destroyed.


STEP LADDER INSPECTION

 

 

Ladder Number                                                   Inspection Date                                                 

 

Inspected By                                                        Title                                                                     

 

 

Component

Acceptable

Unacceptable

 

 

 

Side Rails

 

 

Missing/Damaged Feet

 

 

Split/Cracked

 

 

Loose/Missing Rivets

 

 

Racked/Twisted

 

 

Cross Braces Bent/Secure

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

 

 

 

Rungs

 

 

Bent/Cracked

 

 

Corroded

 

 

Braces Bent

 

 

Secure

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

 

 

 

Spreader

 

 

Bent

 

 

Locks in Place

 

 

Loose/Missing Rivets

 

 

 

 

 

If defects are noted, ladder was removed from service and blocked                                         .

                                                                                                                     (Initial and Date)


STRAIGHT/EXTENSION LADDER INSPECTION

 

 

Ladder Number                                                   Inspection Date                                                 

 

Inspected By                                                        Title                                                                     

 

 

Component

Acceptable

Unacceptable

 

 

 

Side Rails

 

 

Missing/Damaged Feet

 

 

Bent/Split

 

 

Racked/Twisted

 

 

Corroded

 

 

Burrs

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

 

 

 

Rungs

 

 

Bent/Cracked

 

 

Corroded

 

 

Burrs

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

 

 

 

Accessories

 

 

Pulley Secure

 

 

Pulley Free of Defects

 

 

Rope in Good Condition

 

 

Slide Guides Bent

 

 

Slide Guide Secure

 

 

Interlocks Bent

 

 

Interlocks Secure

 

 

 

 

 

If defects are noted, ladder was removed from service and blocked                                         .

                                                                                                                     (Initial and Date)


JOB MADE LADDER INSPECTION

 

 

Ladder Number                                                   Inspection Date                                                 

 

Inspected By                                                        Title                                                                     

 

 

Component

Acceptable

Unacceptable

 

 

 

Side Rails

 

 

Twisted/Warped/Cracked

 

 

Splinters/Burrs

 

 

Racked

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

Filler Strips in Place

 

 

Saw Cuts

 

 

Rotting Wood

 

 

 

 

 

Rungs

 

 

Properly Secured

 

 

Cracked/Splintered

 

 

Evidence of Fire

 

 

Saw Cuts

 

 

Rotting Wood

 

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

Paint

 

 

Evidence of Chemical Contact

 

 

 

 

 

If defects are noted, ladder was removed from service and blocked                                         .

                                                                                                                     (Initial and Date)


FIRE EXTINGUISHER INSPECTION

 

1.         Purpose

 

            The purpose of the procedure is to establish a consistent format for monthly fire extinguisher inspection.

 

2.         Inspection

 

            Each month, the superintendent, the safety coordinator or another competent person shall complete the Monthly Fire Extinguisher Inspection Checklist.


MONTHLY FIRE EXTINGUISHER INSPECTION CHECKLIST

 

PROJECT NUMBER

 

 

PROJECT NAME

 

INSPECTED BY

 

 

DATE:

 

 

FIRE EXTINGUSHER CHECKLIST:                1.        Tag in place showing the last annual inspection?

2.   Is shell free of corrosion & damage?                   6.       Are the lock pin and seal in place?

3.   Is hanger attachment & handle intact?               7.       Is the gauge readable and the crystal intact?

4.   Is the nameplate firmly attached & readable?       8.               Is the pressure in the correct range?

5.   Is the nozzle & hose free of cracks and damage?    9.       Removed from Service?

SMC’s

ID

NUMBER

MFG'S SERIAL NUMBER

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Power Tool Inspection

Date:___________________                    Color Code:_______________

 

S/N or

SMC #

Type of

Tool

Cord &

Plug

Guards

in place

Housing

complete

Operates

properly

Taken out

of service

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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